|
Abstract (Invited) |
Industrial Application of Power
Ultrasonics
O.V.Abramov (Institute of General and
Inorganic Chemistry of RAS, Moscow, Russia)
e-mail:
LUTT@IGIC.RAS.RU
Novel
technical means such as laser, plasma, electromagnetic fields and fluxes of
high-energy particles extend substantially the possibilities of active
influence on physicochemical processes.
Intense elastic vibrations of ultrasonic frequency range provide a means
for an active control of the processes of heat and mass transfer in various
substances, the structure of solids, and the processes of the interaction
between contacting materials. This fact offers opportunities for the practical
application of such vibrations in industry, agriculture, medicine, etc. Intense
ultrasound is usually defined as vibrations of intensity about 1 W/cm2, which
cause irreversible changes in the medium under treatment. The employment of
intense elastic vibrations in technological processes of the production and
processing of materials offers considerable cost reductions for both processes
and products and opens up possibilities for the manufacture of novel materials,
the improvement of old ones, the intensification of conventional technological
processes, the development of new processes and the improvement of ecological
situation. All ultrasonic applications
in industries are connected with non-linear effects in gases, liquids, solids and
heterogeneous systems (cavitation and streaming, sonocapillary effects,
wetting, infiltration, etc.) On the
basis of the conducted by now investigations of the features of the propagation
of power ultrasound in gases, liquids, solids and heterogeneous systems, the
principles of the construction of ultrasonic equipment providing by its
characteristics the realization of non-linear acoustic effects in the medium
under treatment on an industrial scale have been developed. This made it
possible to reveal technical possibilities of practical non-conventional use of
power ultrasound in some processes of metallurgy, machine-building, chemical
and biochemical technologies, oil and gas industry, food and light industries
and in processes associated with environmental protection (gas purification, waste
water treatment, soil decontamination).
Section
: 11